Composite Filling
Restoration of Decay and Tissue Loss
Composite filling is a core restorative treatment in which tooth tissue lost due to decay, trauma or an old restoration is restored with tooth-coloured composite material. Unlike aesthetic bonding, the aim is to close the cavity, restore chewing function and stop decay progression.
It can be used in front and back teeth; cavity size, occlusal load and remaining wall thickness determine material selection. It is a mercury-free adhesive option as an alternative to amalgam.
Cavity Preparation and Isolation
The extent of decayed-tissue removal is planned according to lesion depth, pulp status and remaining tooth tissue. In suitable cases, a selective or minimally invasive decay-removal approach may be assessed. Rubber dam or alternative isolation techniques may help reduce saliva and blood contamination.
In deep cavities, proximity to the pulp is assessed; liner or base material may be used to reduce sensitivity risk. The cavity form is arranged to support the mechanical strength of the composite.
Material Selection and Application
Nanohybrid or highly filled composites may offer durability in the posterior region; microhybrid or aesthetic composites may be preferred in the front region for shade harmony. Layered polymerisation technique helps distribute shrinkage stress in large cavities.
Occlusion control and finishing are critical for comfortable closure after the procedure. Excessively high points may cause sensitivity or fracture.
Sensitivity and Healing
Short-term cold sensitivity may occur after the procedure; in most cases it decreases within a few days. Persistent pain or night pain may require assessment for pulp inflammation.
Application under local anaesthesia provides comfort; the need for anaesthesia is determined by cavity depth.
Preventive Care and Review
Regular brushing, flossing and fluoride use help limit new decay formation. Avoiding cracking hard-shelled foods with the teeth may protect filling margins.
At review visits, marginal fit and leakage may be assessed; the filling is replaced when needed. Filling longevity varies according to occlusion, hygiene and chewing habits.
Differences Between Posterior and Anterior Fillings
Because chewing forces are high in posterior fillings, harder composite formulations may be preferred. In front teeth, aesthetic margins and translucency are priorities; therefore planning is done separately so it is not confused with bonding.
When an old amalgam filling is replaced with composite, cavity form and the adhesive protocol are planned according to remaining tooth tissue and occlusal load.